Daniel+Abela

> > == == > > > **ORIENTATION TO SHAKESPEARE STUDY** > **Take some time research the background to your next unit. Please explore the following and answer the questions. Your answers should be on the wiki:** > 1. Become familiar with Queen Elizabeth 1. – follow the link and answer > > When did she live? > 7 September 1533 – 24 March 1603, 44 years > > Who was her rival for the throne? Describe the similarities and differences between them. > Mary queen of scots, who fled to england seeking Elizabeth's protection and looking to inherit the throne from Elizabeth. > > 2. Who was Macbeth? – follow the link and answer > > **//Macbeth was a king of the Scots whose rule was marked by efficient government and the promotion of Christianity, but who is best known as the murderer and usurper in William Shakespeare's tragedy.// ** > > = 3. Who was Malcolm? Follow the link and answer = > Malcolm III, surnamed 'Canmore'. which translates from Gaelic as ' big head.' was born in 1031, he was the eldest son of the ill-fated King Duncan. When his father was killed in battle at Bothganowan by Macbeth, who then usurped Scotland's throne, Malcolm escaped south and took refuge at the court of the English King Hardicanute. He remained an exile in England until in 1053. Hardicanute's successor, the devout Saxon king Edward the Confessor, agreed to render assistance to regain Malcolm's lost throne. Malcolm marched into Scotland with Siward, Earl of Northumbria. He became King after slaying Macbeth at Lumphanan in Mar and was crowned at Scone Abbey on 25th April, 1058.

> 4. Who was Duncan? See above link and answer > He was the son of Malcom the Second's daughter, at the age of 33 he got the throne, Duncan was killed by Macbeth on August 1040 > > 5. Who was James vi of Scotland and what was his relationship to James the first of England. > Was the son of Mary Queen of Scots. > > 6. What is meant by the divine right of kings? > The idea of the Divine Right of Kings evolved in Europe during the Middle Ages. The theory claimed that kings were answerable only to God and it was therefore sinful for their subjects to resist them. > > 7. Explore the type of theatre that Shakespeare used. Read the following and look through the links of the following > > Despite individual differences, the public theatres were three stories high, and built around an open space at the centre. Usually polygonal in plan to give an overall rounded effect, three levels of inward-facing galleries overlooked the open centre into which jutted the stage—essentially a platform surrounded on three sides by the audience, only the rear being restricted for the entrances and exits of the actors and seating for the musicians. The upper level behind the stage could be used as a balcony > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > >  > > This picture was taken on November 1942 in the Kokoda trail. In the advance to the coast Australian soldiers crossing an improvised bridge over the Kumusi River at Wairopi. The Australian 7th Division under Major General George Vasey crossed the Kumusi River on 15 November and advanced towards the sea. The 25th Brigade made for Gona while 16th Brigade marched along the Sanananda road. > > > //**Beach Burial by kenneth**// > Softly and humbly to the Gulf of Arabs The convoys of dead sailors come; At night they sway and wander in the waters far under, But morning rolls them in the foam.

Between the sob and clubbing of the gunfire Someone, it seems, has time for this, To pluck them from the shallows and bury them in burrows And tread the sand upon their nakedness;

And each cross, the driven stake of tidewood, Bears the last signature of men, Written with such perplexity, with such bewildered pity, The words choke as they begin -

'Unknown seaman' - the ghostly pencil Wavers and fades, the purple drips, The breath of wet season has washed their inscriptions As blue as drowned men's lips,

Dead seamen, gone in search of the same landfall, Whether as enemies they fought, Or fought with us, or neither; the sand joins them together, Enlisted on the other front.

//**__Commentary__**// "Beach burial" by Kenneth Sellsor (1901-1971) is a poem about Australia in World War Two. He wrote this poem while he completed his occupation as the Austalian Correspondent in the middle east. He learnt the horiffic horrors of war by observing it. The purpose of the text is to inform the public about what life for Austalian soldiers was like in World War Two. It is also written to keep the memory alive of the men who fought in the war.

The dominant reading in this poem consists of themes involving death, togetherness in being a soldier, sadness in war and that many of the dead have unknown identities. These themes are similar to the experience of the Australian solders who fought in World War Two. __The idea of a dominant reading is here confused with the notion of a theme.__ There were many Australian soldiers that never returned to there families after World War Two and whose fate has never been known. During World War Two there were approximatively 27,000, Australian overall deaths **and also about** 2,700 Australian soldiers that were unaccounted for and presumed dead.

The phrase, "the convoys of dead sailors come." is portraying an image of a long line of dead sailors. The word convoy demonstrates that the troops stay together even after death. Kenneth Slessor also highlights how war can unit people even if they are fighting with us or against us. This is shown in the phrase " whether as enemies they fought, or fought with us, or neither, the sand joins them together." The sand is the common ground where all the dead bodies lie and shows the irony in that they were fighting against each other and end up united in death. __You show that you comprehend now go on to ana__lysis The author uses religious symbols (the cross) and the weathering effect of nature to describe how the soldiers identities are lost. " Unknown seamen- the ghostly pencil." show the insignificance of identity. The reference to ghostly shows that even this inscription is fading away. __good__

This text contributes to the Australian image in a positive way by the strong theme of togetherness during battle and death. The Australian male culture is one of strong mate ship and this text represents strong sense of unity. __interesting comments__

media type="youtube" key="BHhWv5zVzP0" width="425" height="350"

**//Slim Dusty// __Kokoda Track Lyrics__**:  With no shouldered arms or bayonets fixed they march on Anzac Day,  The measured tramp of steel shod heels a memory away.  Veterans of a jungle war who went to hell and back,  Those ragged, bloody heroes of that grim Kokoda Trac.

 So dig your reversed rifles in the mire of memory,  The swirling mists of time have healed the scars.  You climbed that golden stairway to keep our country free,  Where the jungle hid your nightmare from the stars.

 When sullen days brought no relief from blood and muck and mire,  And death was ever striding at your back, <span style="color: #555555; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; white-space: nowrap;"> You trod that hallowed path to be baptized in hellfire, <span style="color: #555555; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; white-space: nowrap;"> The ragged bloody heroes of that grim Kokoda Track.

<span style="color: #555555; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; white-space: nowrap;"> Oh the devil took the hindmost and the snipers took the fore, <span style="color: #555555; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; white-space: nowrap;"> With no quarter asked or given in that muddy, bloody war. <span style="color: #555555; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; white-space: nowrap;"> With black angels there to guide them and the salvos by their side, <span style="color: #555555; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; white-space: nowrap;"> Those ragged bloody heroes simply marched and fought and died.

<span style="color: #555555; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; white-space: nowrap;"> Astride a broken mountain top you stood defiantly, <span style="color: #555555; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; white-space: nowrap;"> As the devil took your comrades one by one, <span style="color: #555555; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; white-space: nowrap;"> He taunted you and beckoned you to face eternity, <span style="color: #555555; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; white-space: nowrap;"> You saluted with a burning Thompson gun

<span style="color: #555555; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; white-space: nowrap;"> His hand was on your shoulder like a burning grip of steel, <span style="color: #555555; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; white-space: nowrap;"> But you turned him and you fought off his attack. <span style="color: #555555; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; white-space: nowrap;"> You broke the devils squadrons and you brought him to your heel, <span style="color: #555555; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; white-space: nowrap;"> The ragged bloody heroes of that grim Kokoda Track.

<span style="color: #555555; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; white-space: nowrap;"> Oh the devil took the hindmost and the snipers took the fore, <span style="color: #555555; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; white-space: nowrap;"> With no quarter asked or given in that muddy bloody war. <span style="color: #555555; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; white-space: nowrap;"> While politicians pondered and great generals swelled with pride, <span style="color: #555555; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; white-space: nowrap;"> Those ragged bloody heroes simply marched and fought and died.

<span style="color: #555555; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; white-space: nowrap;"> With no shouldered arms or bayonets fixed they march on Anzac Day, <span style="color: #555555; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; white-space: nowrap;"> With the memory of white crosses and the mounds of fresh turned clay. <span style="color: #555555; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; white-space: nowrap;"> Of green fields and a bugle call and a solemn requiem, <span style="color: #555555; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; white-space: nowrap;"> //[spoken]// <span style="color: #555555; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; white-space: nowrap;"> “And at the going down of the sun, <span style="color: #555555; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; white-space: nowrap;"> and in the morning we will remember them.”

<span style="color: #555555; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; white-space: nowrap;"> Those ragged bloody heroes of that grim Kokoda Track. <span style="color: #555555; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; white-space: nowrap;"> Those ragged bloody heroes of that grim Kokoda Track.

//**__Commentary__**// Kokoda track was sung by a well known Australian identity Slim Dusty.The lyrics in the song highlight the very tough conditions that the Australian soldiers had to endure and the sacrifices that they made. The chorus reminds us of this with the words. "**<span style="color: #555555; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; white-space: nowrap;">Those ragged bloody heroes simply marched and fought and died." **

The success of the Australian soldiers in defending Papua New Guinea protected Australia from being attacked by the Japanese. The young Australian soldiers showed real courage by refusing to give in. **<span style="color: #555555; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; white-space: nowrap;">"You broke the devils squadrons and you brought him to your heel, ****<span style="color: #555555; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; white-space: nowrap;">The ragged bloody heroes of that grim Kokoda Track." **


 * <span style="color: #555555; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; white-space: nowrap;">"With black angels there to guide them and the salvos by their side," Australian soldiers developed a strong friendship with locals ( Papaua New Guineans) **
 * <span style="color: #555555; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; white-space: nowrap;">who guided the soldiers along the Kokoda trail. **
 * <span style="color: #555555; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; white-space: nowrap;">T__he commentary lacks analysis and depth__ **

media type="youtube" key="nql3fIKZ9BI" width="425" height="350"

__I can see that you have made an attempt at the work - now go on to develop your ideas. this will require thought and time. Mrs Gravina__